While the Surface Book had screen flickering issues that were solved with a software update, this time the Surface Pro 4 seems to be facing a classic case of overheating-induced flickering. Although it might not be a good solution in the long run, it looks like adding some ice helps to quickly eliminate the problem.
https://www.notebookcheck.net/Microsoft-Surface-Pro-4-flickering-screen-Ice-it-down.281356.0.html