I think an important consideration is how the increased energy usage compares to energy saved through more efficient driving. A good autonomous driving system, especially if communicating with others around it, should drive at more consistent speeds, instead of e.g. varying up and down a bit as typical drivers do when not using cruise and quickly approaching red lights only to have to stop at them and then re-accelerate vs approaching them slower, not to mention the very likely possibility of reducing waiting at lights in general. Still interesting, as I hadn't even considered the energy usage of the computers involved in this. Never occurred to me it would be high enough to matter much. Though electric cars, which are typically the type to have this technology, are only really effective at reducing emissions if they're charged with electricity from renewables or nuclear, in which case this wouldn't really matter, anyways.